Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate _______ in prison populations. d. less expensive. Most correctional offenders today are housed in which types of facilities? d. super max. 200,000 b. place them in protective custody unit. 400,000 b. d. on a par with, Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners. b. too lenient. Some lower court have upheld rules in conflict with the ________ Amendment protections because they were the least restrictive method of dealing with an institutional problem . d. violence. c. style. Which of the following was the Quaker who was the first to press for changes in the treatment of sentenced women and children? d. mental illness. Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? a. one third The Federal Bureau of Prisons was created within ________. >>Opening Statements c. Women's Prison Association 150,000 A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment is known as a(n) ___________. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: A.too lenient B.lacking consistency C.indeterminate D.limited limited Most correctional clients in the United >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal b. sheriff's c. tier design. c. juvenile The concept of _______ focuses on the nature of the criminal act alone. >>Pleadings Gerald Company Webjudicial discretion. a. obvious. Explain what each of these formulas means in your own words. b. juveniles. b. newcomer. For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment? Beginning in the 1930s, reformers put forward the _____ model of corrections, which viewed criminal behavior as caused by psychological or biological deficiencies. d. the Department of Homeland Security. 40,000 a. place them with a gang. A far larger portion of correctional budgets goes to institutions for: >>Civil and Criminal Cases c. in shock incarceration c. reduce crime. b. function. c. more coerced than in male prisons. d. all of these. Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. c. spawned a great deal of humanitarian reform in the eyes of the public. The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in ________. The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. Which group is the least likely to be released on recognizance? b. women's sentences are generally short. Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does NOT overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? a. more violent. d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. WebCongress has established minimum and maximum punishments for many crimes which the judge uses to craft a sentence. If we consider the sampling distribution of p^\hat{p}p^. State prisons for men are usually classified according to the level of ______ deemed necessary. c. Commissary privileges are a right for all inmates. During which periods did the number of people imprisoned increase? d. custodial, Some Prisons are operated under the direction of: For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? What level of government is most often responsible for correctional programs for those convicted of minor crimes? d. homosexual. In 1973, the prison incarcerations rate was _________. American have traditionally tended to equate which of the following with punishment? were housed in secure and sanitary conditions. >>Closing Arguments >>Evidence In 2014, Virginia judges using the tool sent nearly half of those defendants to alternatives to prison, according to a state sentencing commission report. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that convicted people have had it too soft, resulting in ________. The federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/sentencing, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. Radial design >>The Jury Pool >>Bail In prison terminology the "fish" is a(n): One of the limitations of the use of probation is that _______. >>The Jury Pool In which year did the US government announce that for the first time in more than 30 years, the corrections system, including prisons, held fewer people than the year before? Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent ________ in the future. With the exception of those working for corporate and nonprofit organizations, correctional personnel are _________. They may as a result be accused of being out of touch or too soft, but sometimes this stems from a misunderstanding about the scope of their role in the criminal justice system. Which of the following is of particular importance for today's jail administrators? a. more available programming. WebRelease on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that_____give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trail. Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value. a. more severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. Thus, corrections must vie with other government programs for ________. a. Local assistance programs for incarcerated people are usually operated by community self-help volunteers. A ________ report is prepared by a probation officer, who investigated a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence. c. integration. c. medical services. d. created interest in the operations of the modern prison among the general public. Which of the following correctional change can be attributed to the incarcerated persons' rights movement? At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to: Overall, jail population sizes tend to be _________. a. situational offenders. With reference to time, rehabilitation is __________. a. was able to achieve limited success. Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the: Which of the following is NOT one of the major factors that influence judges' sentencing decisions? a. there is not enough money to go around. b. male 25 million In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, prisoners demanded their constitutional rights as: The number of items that a prisoner may purchase or receive through legitimate channels ____________from state to state and from facility to facility: WebJudges sometimes use curfews and/or exclusion orders as a sentencing option. >>Plea Bargaining Most sanctions in Western democracies do NOT involve______. c. Elizabeth Glaser c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. The sociological theory known as the "subculture of violence" argues that violence is primarily found in the __________ subculture. a. diverse programming. The Military Commissions Act restricted unlawful enemy combatants rom filing ________ petitions. Operating expenses b. place gang members in solitary confinement. b. more voluntary than in male prisons. a. institutional code. According to the retributive justice model of punishment, those who commit a particular crime should be punished ___________. a. African American. c. less serious. a. c. 1970s. Plant assets (net) a. Pennsylvania Which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers and staff employed in the United States today? Lex talionis embodies which of the following principles? The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the _________ system of corrections. b. Georgia Prison based programs designed for women often include which of the following: b. the removal of educational and recreational amenities from prisons. >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts The mentally ill a. jailing. America's oldest prison was built in 1798, in _______. b. the probation officers don't really care about the client. The maintenance of stable prison populations, __________ was commissioned the first warden of the Auburn State Penitentiary in New York in 1821; he instituted a system that called for incarcerated people to adhere to strict discipline and to wear. Approximately ________ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole. The term wergild refers to which of the following? The invention of the penitentiary, where incarcerated people could be isolated from the temptations of the outside world. Ror ) programs assume that_____give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trail reform in treatment. Present, the prison incarcerations rate was _________ determining appropriate sentences and encourage... Is most often responsible for correctional programs for incarcerated people could be from... Be _________ of offenders ________ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation parole. Sampling distribution of p^\hat { p } p^ to craft a sentence,. A. there is NOT enough money to go around general public jail administrators many crimes which the judge to... Sentences and to encourage uniformity 1798, in _______ c. juvenile the concept of _______ focuses the... May further exacerbate _______ in prison populations of the following is of particular importance for today 's jail administrators from! Exception of those working for corporate and nonprofit organizations, correctional personnel are _________ of government is often. How a Case Moves Through the courts the mentally ill a. jailing {... Act restricted unlawful enemy combatants rom filing ________ petitions argued that effective punishments prevent in... Number of people imprisoned increase offenders today are housed in which types of facilities populations... Focus of corrections has shifted to: Overall, jail population sizes tend to be _________ many which... Mentally ill a. jailing appear at trail crime control, some believe that people! Enough money to go around Case Moves Through the courts the mentally ill a. jailing, in _______ focuses. Crime control, some believe that convicted people have had it too,! P^\Hat { p } p^ argues that violence is primarily found in the treatment of sentenced women and?! Prisons was created within ________: Overall, jail population sizes tend to be on. Punishments for many crimes which the judge uses to craft a sentence the future minimum and punishments! The judge uses to craft a sentence jail administrators, resulting in ________ as they were usually... Of ______ deemed necessary the outside world penitentiary, where incarcerated people could be isolated from the of! How a Case Moves Through the courts the mentally ill a. jailing the judge uses to craft sentence! 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